Alberto Moravia

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Alberto Pincherle (; 28 November 1907 – 26 September 1990), known by his pseudonym Alberto Moravia ( , ), was an Italian novelist and journalist. His novels explored matters of modern sexuality, social alienation and existentialism. Moravia is best known for his debut novel ''Gli indifferenti'' (''The Time of Indifference'' 1929) and for the anti-fascist novel ''Il conformista'' (''The Conformist'' 1947), the basis for the film ''The Conformist'' (1970) directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Other novels of his adapted for the cinema are ''Agostino'', filmed with the same title by Mauro Bolognini in 1962; ''Il disprezzo'' (''A Ghost at Noon'' or ''Contempt''), filmed by Jean-Luc Godard as ''Le Mépris'' (''Contempt'' 1963); ''La noia'' (''Boredom''), filmed with that title by Damiano Damiani in 1963 and released in the US as ''The Empty Canvas'' in 1964 and ''La ciociara'', filmed by Vittorio De Sica as ''Two Women'' (1960). Cédric Kahn's ''L'Ennui'' (1998) is another version of ''La noia''.

Moravia once remarked that the most important facts of his life had been his illness, a tubercular infection of the bones that confined him to a bed for five years and Fascism because they both caused him to suffer and do things he otherwise would not have done. "It is what we are forced to do that forms our character, not what we do of our own free will." Moravia was an atheist. His writing was marked by its factual, cold, precise style, often depicting the malaise of the ''bourgeoisie''. It was rooted in the tradition of nineteenth-century narrative, underpinned by high social and cultural awareness. Moravia believed that writers must, if they were to represent reality, ‘a more absolute and complete reality than reality itself’, "assume a moral position, a clearly conceived political, social, and philosophical attitude" but also that, ultimately, "A writer survives in spite of his beliefs". Between 1959 and 1962 Moravia was president of PEN International, the worldwide association of writers.