David Lean

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Sir David Lean (25 March 190816 April 1991) was an English film director, producer, screenwriter, and editor, widely considered one of the most important figures of British cinema. He directed the large-scale epics ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'' (1957), ''Lawrence of Arabia'' (1962), ''Doctor Zhivago'' (1965), ''Ryan's Daughter'' (1970), and ''A Passage to India'' (1984). He also directed the film adaptations of Charles Dickens novels ''Great Expectations'' (1946) and ''Oliver Twist'' (1948), as well as the romantic drama ''Brief Encounter'' (1945).

Lean made his directorial debut with 1942's ''In Which We Serve'', which was the first of four collaborations with Noël Coward. Lean began to make internationally co-produced films financed by the big Hollywood studios, beginning with ''Summertime'' in 1955. The critical failure of his film ''Ryan's Daughter'' led him to take a fourteen-year break from filmmaking, during which he planned a number of film projects which never came to fruition. In 1984, he had a career revival with ''A Passage to India'' adapted from E. M. Forster's novel. This was a hit with critics, but it proved to be the last film that Lean directed.

Lean is described by film critic Michael Sragow as "a director's director, whose total mastery of filmcraft commands nothing less than awe among his peers". He has been lauded by directors such as Steven Spielberg, Stanley Kubrick, Martin Scorsese, and Ridley Scott. He was voted 9th greatest film director of all time in the British Film Institute ''Sight & Sound'' "Directors' Top Directors" poll in 2002. He was nominated seven times for the Academy Award for Best Director, which he won twice for ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'' and ''Lawrence of Arabia'', and he has seven films in the British Film Institute's Top 100 British Films (with three of them being in the top five) and was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1990.